How to Create a Linq Statement from a String

Almost two years ago ScottGu posted some really awesome code that lets you create dynamic where clauses in Linq - meaning you could use a string builder to create your where clause just like the good 'ole days when ad-hoc sql was all the rage. You're going to be better off if you can build a predicate using lambdas, but sometimes its a real pain the the rear to build a proper predicate (Func<T, bool> or Predicate<T>). Building a predicate properly typically becomes difficult when you're giving your users some mechanism to build their own filter for their data.

The problem I had with ScottGu's code is that the extension methods only worked off IQueryable<T>, and well, sometimes you would like to create a dynamic where clause for a datasource that didn't come from an IQueryProvider like LinqToSql. Sometime you want to create a dynamic where clause for a plain old IEnumerable<T>.

So, I took the time to dig through ScottGu's pretty complicated code and created a handful of methods that help you generate useful dynamic functions - including dynamic "OrderBy" and "Where" extension methods for IEnumerable<T>.

I've attached a single common file that includes both ScottGu's code, as well as my own.

Download my code here:
DynamicLinqExtensions.zip (15 KB)

Examples:

IEnumerable<Person> allPeople = GetAllPeople();
foreach(var person in allPeople.Where("Age > 10").OrderBy("Age"))
{
    //notice the above arguments are strings and not lambdas
    //this makes it a lot easier to build everything ad-hoc
    Console.WriteLine(person.Age + " - " + person.FirstName);
}

I also included a method called CreateValueExpression, that will evaluate an expression on any object and return the result.

var fullName = DynamicLinqExtensions.CreateValueExpression<Person,string>("First + \" \" + Last");
//outputs "Jon von Gillern"
Console.WriteLine(fullName(new Person { First = "Jon", Last = "von Gillern" }));

You can find the Gu's original blog post here:
http://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/archive/2008/01/07/dynamic-linq-part-1-using-the-linq-dynamic-query-library.aspx

As always, Kicks and Shoutouts are appreciated!

CopyPasteKiller - Free Code Similarity Finder

So I just published CopyPasteKiller, a free tool that helps .Net developers working with large code bases find all the places that another developer used the time honored practice of Copy-Paste Inheritance. Or sometimes the code base is so big that it is easy duplicate functionality without actually copying and pasting. Either way, CopyPasteKiller is a fast way to hunt down similar chunks of code so that they can be refactored.

CopyPasteKiller currently only works with C# and VB.NET code and isn't the most polished tool in the world, but it'll get the job done. I hope you find it useful, if you have any questions/comments/bugs please feel free to email me directly at von@nitriq.com.

You can find the download and more details here.

CLR Profiler + Vista = Annoying

Heads up to everyone, if you try to run the CLR Profiler with Vista, you'll probably have some problems (namely it won't work). Due to Vista's new security stuff, you have to run the CLR Profiler as Administrator.

Much Faster Browsing for MSDN

MSDN has a new low bandwidth version that is much much faster to use. Plus it doesn't have that frame on the left hand side that is always refreshing. It is currently in Beta, but I haven't seen anything that will prevent me from using it from here on out.

Another benefit, you can now click your middle mouse button and drag to scroll, which for some reason is broken in the regular MSDN website (it would only recognize the ability scroll horizontally)

Check it out here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.xml(loband).aspx

One note, though, if you want it to persist (which you will), you have to click the "Persist Low Bandwidth View" link in the upper right hand corner.

Speaking at Iowa Code Camp - May 2nd

FYI - I'll be giving a "Tips and Tricks" presentation at the third Iowa Code Camp in Cedar Rapids on May 2nd. The first two camps have been awesome, I highly recommend coming if you get a chance.

www.IowaCodeCamp.com

Visual Studio - Add Existing Folder

I've found a fix to a common annoyance I've had in Visual Studio. I always wanted an option called "Add Existing Folder" to right next to "Add Existing Item" in the "Add" context menu item in the solution explorer. It was always a long drawn out process for me to add a folder that already existed (renaming the folder I wanted to add, creating the an empty folder with the desired name through visual studio, then adding all of the files back into the newly created folder).

Instead what you can do is hit the "Show All Files" tool strip button at the top of the solution explorer, then right click on the folder you want to add and hit "Include In Project". Pretty trivial. Its amazing how long you can use a product and not know about all of its features. Which reminds me, do you know about the Exceptions Dialog Box?

Quick Fix - Missing Using Statements

Do yourself a favor, next time you have a build error that says something like: The type or namespace name 'XYZ' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?). Double click the error (which will highlight the unknown type) then hit Alt+Shift+F10. This will bring up a dropdown that has all of the types that match that class name and hitting enter will automatically add the appropriate using statement. Thank you Visual Studio!

DasBlog and the Web.Config Location Tag

So you may or may not have noticed that I haven't posted anything for the past two months and that most of my links have been broken. Well, the reason being is that I run a small intranet application for a group I belonged to at Iowa State. When I moved the application over to discountasp.net the application was living in a subdirectory of my vonsharp.net domain, and in doing so I ran into all sorts of messy web.config problems.

Well, I think finally have solved all the issues and should be posting once or twice a week from here on out. But just incase you're interested here is how I resolved my issues.

In order to run a seperate web application in a subdirectory of your DasBlog directory you'll need to do the following:

1. In your DasBlog web.config, wrap all of the configuration tag's children in one single "location" tag, except for the configSections tag and the runtime tag. Your dasBlog web.config should look something like:

<configuration>
    <configSections> ... </configSections>
    <runtime> ... <runtime>
    <location path="" allowOverride="true">
       <newtelligence.ControlImages ... >
       ...
       <system.web ... >
       ...
    </location>
<configuration>

Note: DO NOT CHANGE THE PATH, LEAVE IT AS AN EMPTY STRING

2. Then in your new sub-directory web application's web.config you'll need to do the same thing, and leave the path string empty as long as your web.config is actually sitting in the sub directory. As I understand it, its possible to define this in your dasBlog's web config but I'd recommend against it.

Here is the tricky part. The location tag for the sub-directory application acts just like object inheritence. So your web application's web.config will inherit all of the same configuration from its parent directory. Since you probably don't want dasBlog running in your sub directory, you need to clear out it's http modules. So in your new web app's web config add the following markup to the httpModules section

<httpModules>
    <!-- gets rid of dasBlog Modules -->
    <remove name="UrlMapperModule"/>
    <remove name="TitleMapperModule"/>
    <remove name="ProfileMapperModule"/>
    <remove name="ControlImageModule"/>
    <remove name="CompressionModule"/>
    <remove name="IPBlackList"/>
</httpModules>

Hope this helps anyone who is going through the same pain that I had.

Boost Your Productivity - Remove Firefox Quick Launch

I have a big problem with launching firefox everytime I have 20 seconds of downtime (like when I'm building a big solution, or I'm waiting for a large file to load in my application). By the time I look at whatever site I decide to go to, it sucks up more than the 20 seconds of downtime and costs me a lot of time "context switching".

Something that has helped me with this problem: I took firefox off of my quick launch bar and put it on the desktop. I now have to be much more deliberate in when I actually need to use the "tubes".

Most Everything the Immediate Window Can Do the Watch Window Can Do Better

I saw a post on oh null! that talks about how you can evaluate expressions within the immediate window, whether you're simply retrieving a variable or performing a calculation on multiple variables. I personally like to do all of this in the Watch Window because I can have an easy history of what variables I've interrogated. Like the immediate window, you can call Methods and display the results, but since methods can change state, they will not execute automatically after you step into a new line of code, but there is a nice little refresh button that will re-execute your method call.



As I understand it, the watch window is a wrapper around the simpler functionality of the immediate window, so it also supports Intellisense. But there are some things that you can only do in the immediate window, like the .load [dll] command which lets you import another assembly for your use, which is pretty damn slick. I've only ever really used that feature in one scenario: to load the Son of Strike assembly which helps you get detailed information on your executable (very detailed call stack info, very granular heap information, but kind of hard to use).

Another cool thing you can do in your immediate window: Declare new variables. Those variables will have the same scope as the current breakpoint in execution, but the ability opens the doors to some neat possibilities. For instance, you could declare a new variable, copy a subset of information from your current in scope variables and then use my Xml Utility Methods to copy your new object out to disk! I'm not quite sure why you would need to do that, but its nice to be able to!

Quick and Dirty Memory Utility Methods

With my work, I regularly deal with obscene amounts. Of course, our users demand that this information loads instantly and without running out of memory. So optimizing our data storage objects for time and memory constraints is incredibly important. So far, I think I've done a pretty good job, because I can load 125 million data points in a shade over 3 seconds (using a database to store some of this data flew out the window a while ago). But getting to this point has been an interesting journey. Doing quick prototyping of prospective storage mechanisms has been incredibly important and I thought I'd share some of the utility methods/classes I've created to speed up the process.

The first piece of code is incredibly similar to my StopwatchWriter Class. Instead of starting and stopping a Stopwatch, we're asking the garbage collector how much total memory is being used (in bytes), before and after you instantiate an object (or a whole set of objects)

public class MemoryWriter : IDisposable
{
    long _startMem;
    string _text;

    public MemoryWriter(string text)
    {
        _text = text + " - ";
        _startMem = GC.GetTotalMemory(true);
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("mem: " + _text + (GC.GetTotalMemory(true) - 
             _startMem).ToString());
    }
}

Usage looks like:

using (new MemoryWriter("CrazyBigObject"))
{
    CrazyBigObject myCrazyBigObject = LoadCrazyBigObject(42);
}

This is the most accurate way of figuring out how much memory a specific object is taking up in memory. But there is a limitation to this method if you're using it in a multi-threaded application, such as a Win Form because another running thread could dereference objects on the heap after you've instantiated your MemoryWriter , but before its been disposed. I prefer to only use this class in small throw away console applications, to make my results as accurate as possible.

Sometimes though, you'll find yourself looking at an object in someone else's code and you want to easily find out how much memory its taking up, but the object in question is "built" over several methods along with several other objects that you don't care about. Which makes it impossible to use theMemoryWriter Class. You can use a memory profiling application to do this, but I've found that they are notoriously hard to pick up and use. And due to the nature of how they work, they take ages to work because they have to take a snapshot before and after the code you care about (i.e. copy your 700MB object heap twice and then "diff" the two heaps). So I've wrote two small methods that serialize the object to a stream and then return the length of the stream. Note: This is approximately how much data the object is holding in memory. It may besignificantly less than how much space it takes up on the heap. Case in point: Dictionary<K, V> takes up much more space in memory than it does when serialized.That's because it only serialized the key value pairs and it re-hydrates the dictionary on deserialization. Nor will it reflect the size of any properties on your object that are marked with the NonSerialized attribute. So it is far from perfect, but it helps give you an idea with out the pain of using a memory profiler . You can use these methods by setting a break point and calling them in your watch window (I prefer doing that over the immediate window).

/// <summary>
/// Returns a rough approximation of the size of an object 
/// (including ALL objects in/directly referenced by the object)
/// </summary>
public static long ApproxSize(object obj)
{
    BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
    long length;
    using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream())
    {
        formatter.Serialize(stream, obj);
        stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
        length = stream.Length;
    }
   
    return length;
}

Sometimes though, your object is very large and serializing the object in memory will cause an OutOfMemory Exception. So use the below method instead, it serializes the object to disk and gives you the size of the file (and deletes the file after its done).

/// <summary>
/// Returns the approximate size of very large objects 
/// (time intensive) in bytes.
/// </summary>
public static long ApproxSizeLarge(object obj)
{
    FileInfo info = new FileInfo(@"c:\approxSizeTemp");
   
    BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
    using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(@"c:\approxSizeTemp"))
    {
        formatter.Serialize(writer.BaseStream, obj);
    }

    long length = info.Length;
    info.Delete();

    return length;
}

Put Down the XmlNode and Step Away From the StringBuilder

I'm sure there are plenty of you out there who have your boss hankering to use some of that "Xml Stuff". Sometimes we get sheltered in our own little world and haven't actually had to work with a whole lot of xml data that wasn't already wrapped up by the Project Settings object created by Visual Studio. So naturally, you'd probably go to the "tubes" and search for some additional information. Undoubtedly, you will run across pages telling you how to construct some Xml in C# by creating a new XmlDocument and adding XmlNode children which will have attributes and subnodes and namespaces, ad infinitum. And you'll realize you now have some of the world's fugliest code. So you decide, "oh, well xml is really similar to html, I'll just build it using a StringBuilder" and you end up with slightly less fugly code, that is until you try to read it back in.

These methods are completely unnecessary. PUT DOWN THE XMLNODE AND STEP AWAY FROM THE STRINGBUILDER. Slowly move your hand to the mouse and scroll down to read about the easiest way to write and read Xml in the .net framework.

Ok, quick show of hands: who thinks working with simple .net business model objects is brain dead easy? Alright, if your hand isn't up, you are beyond hope, please leave now. Of course, working with simple objects is about the simplest exercise for code next to "Hello World". If you can create a .net object that models the xml you want to store, you are 95% done with outputting well formed Xml.

Example: If I wanted to store information about a few people and their pets I would create three classes:

public class PetClub
{
    public List<Person> Members { get; set; }
}

public class Person
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public List<Pet> Pets { get; set; }
}

public class Pet
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Type { get; set; }
}

To get an Xml representation of an instance of PetClub, all you have to do is use the XmlSerializer found in the System.Xml.Serialization namespace. I've wrapped up all the necessary code into a short utility method.

public static string ConvertToXml(object item)
{
    XmlSerializer xmlser = new XmlSerializer(item.GetType());
    using (System.IO.MemoryStream ms = new System.IO.MemoryStream())
    {
        xmlser.Serialize(ms, item);
        UTF8Encoding textconverter = new UTF8Encoding();
        return textconverter.GetString(ms.ToArray());
    }
}

Simply calling: ConvertToXml(myPetClubInstance) will spit back the following xml:

<PetClub xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <Members>
    <Person>
      <Name>Jon</Name>
      <Pets>
        <Pet>
          <Name>Chester</Name>
          <Type>Savannah Cat</Type>
        </Pet>
        <Pet>
          <Name>Abby</Name>
          <Type>Domestic Miniature Panther</Type>
        </Pet>
      </Pets>
    </Person>
    <Person>
      <Name>Dan</Name>
      <Pets>
        <Pet>
          <Name>Lucy</Name>
          <Type>Semi-sweet Chocolate Lab</Type>
        </Pet>
      </Pets>
    </Person>
  </Members>
</PetClub>

At this point you might be saying: "That is cool and all, Jon, but this looks like a lot of xml to be outputting for such little actual data. And what if I want to have more control over xml element naming". Dear friend, let not your heart be troubled for there is help on the way. By adding some simple Property Attributes to our classes we can completely change how our xml is constructed.  We can have the object in whatever form is most convienient for our program while still allowing us to interoperate with an xml document created by a different application with a different idea of what good names are.

Changing our two classes to:

public class Person
{
    [XmlElement("FirstName")]
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public List<Pet> Pets { get; set; }
}

public class Pet
{
    [XmlAttribute("Name")]
    public string Name { get; set; }
    [XmlAttribute("Breed")]
    public string Type { get; set; }
} 

Will output this xml:

<PetClub xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <Members>
    <Person>
      <FirstName>Jon</FirstName>
      <Pets>
        <Pet Name="Chester" Breed="Savannah Cat" />
        <Pet Name="Abby" Breed="Domestic Miniature Panther" />
      </Pets>
    </Person>
    <Person>
      <FirstName>Dan</FirstName>
      <Pets>
        <Pet Name="Lucy" Breed="Semi-sweet Chocolate Lab" />
      </Pets>
    </Person>
  </Members>
</PetClub>


Pretty simple, huh? Can you imagine how difficult it would be to make these changes via XmlNodes or a StringBuilder? There are about 10 other property attributes available for xml serialization, including the very useful XmlIgnore() attribute which makes the appropriate property not serialized. I'll leave the rest of the research up to you.

And I almost forgot, to read your xml back into an object use the following method:

public static T FromXml<T>(string xml)
{
    XmlSerializer xmlser = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
    using (System.IO.StringReader sr = new System.IO.StringReader(xml))
    {
        return (T)xmlser.Deserialize(sr);
    }
}

Sample Code - XmlSerializerSample.cs (2.33 KB)

Most Useful VS Feature No One Knows About

It really does shock and amaze me how many developers get through the day without knowing the wonders of the Exceptions Dialog box. You can access it via Debug>Exceptions or you can hit Ctrl-Alt-E. What this dialog box allows you do is to pick a set of exceptions (or all of them for that matter) and the debugger will automatically break when the exception is thrown. This allows you to inspect your call stack and interrogate your variables to determine the state of your application when the exception occurred. No longer do you have to look through an error message to find a line number and start setting break points. This becomes especially helpful if the error is occurring in a gigantic loop and your not sure how many times the loop executes before it runs into a null reference exception. It breaks automatically and voila, you can easily see all the variables that are associated with your null object (or whatever the error may be).

Sometimes you'll be responsible for code, that for one reason or another uses exception catching/handling as a normal part of code flow. This usually is considered a bad practice but sometimes you don't have a choice under the circumstances. When that happens, it is very easy to turn off custom typed exceptions, just click the "Add..." button and type in the fully qualified name of the exception you don't want to see every time it is thrown. As you can see in my screenshot, I've done this with the Sybase.Data.AseClient.AseException exception.

I hope this helps speed up any future debugging.

Dictionary Naming Guidelines

Generic dictionaries are a great thing, they let you add and retrieve objects very quickly. My current gig has a lot of need for them because we've got tons of data that needs to be quickly referenced (I'll post more about Dictionary memory performance later). The problem is that developers everywhere like to use very un-descriptive names for their dictionaries, especially nested dictionaries. Usually you'd like to avoid nesting these things, but sometimes you don't have a choice and making a bunch of derived classes adds a lot of code and more "stuff" you have to sift through.

Simple Example:

Dictionary<int, string> _peopleDictionary;

What is the key? Is it a PersonId? Is it a CustomerId? Is it an EmployeeId? Is it a Social Security Number?

What about the value? Is it First Name, Last Name, First then Last, Last then First, Nickname?

In order to find out, a developer who takes over your code has to look up all references to PeopleDictionary and find out what the Key and Values are, yielding a gigantic waste of time. (Worse yet, it could be you looking up all the references because you haven't looked at this particular code in 7 months). And that is even a non-nested dictionary!

Now, can you tell me what kind of data is stored in the below object?

Dictionary<int, Dictionary<int, List<string>>> _customerIdToOrderIdToDescriptions;

Sure the name is a little long, but think about how many different kinds of data are being stored in it. Plus you didn't have to make a custom object for a one-off need. Anyone who has to modify your code can easily use this object without trying to figure out what "OrdersDictionary" is actually storing.

FXCop Guys: I'll give you $10 if you add a rule saying that generic dictionary variable names have to contain the string literal "To".

Of note: it's generally considered bad practice to use nested generics, but if you do, just make sure that you don't expose nested generic types by returning them in public methods or by making a public property with a nested type. Keep them for internal use within your class only.

StopwatchWriter Class

Do you ever get sick of having to write 4 whole lines for timing certain parts of your code. I know 4 lines isn't that bad, but they multiply quickly when you're testing a lot of different code, or different parts of the same method. That is why I came up with a StopwatchWriter class, it implements IDisposable so you can use it in a using statement which reduces the needed code to one line, put at the top of the code your testing (as opposed to before to setup and after to write). The constructor starts a stopwatch and when the Dispose method gets called, it stops the stopwatch and writes the time to the console, but it could easily be changed to write any type of log.

public class StopwatchWriter : IDisposable
{
    Stopwatch _stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
    string _text;

    public StopwatchWriter(string text)
    {
        _text = text + " - ";
        _stopwatch.Start();
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        _stopwatch.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("stopw: "+_text + _stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds);
    }
}

Usage looks like:

using (new StopwatchWriter("populateStuff"))
{
    this.PopulateStep1();
    this.PopulateStep2();
}

-or-

using (new StopwatchWriter("doStuff"))
    DoStuff();

Accessing The Control Responsible For A ContextMenuStrip

It certainly isn't easy to access what winform control was ultimately responsible for bringing up a ContextMenuStrip, but it is indeed possible, there is just some casting involved :)


private void selectAllToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    if (((ContextMenuStrip)((ToolStripMenuItem)sender).Owner).SourceControl ==
        this.PrimeNumbersCheckBoxList)
    {
        this.SelectAllThePrimeNumbers();
    }
   
    if (((ContextMenuStrip)((ToolStripMenuItem)sender).Owner).SourceControl ==
        this.CompositeNumbersCheckBoxList)
    {
        this.SelectAllTheCompositeNumbers();
    }
}

How To Easily Add A DotNetKicks Button To DasBlog

It is incredibly easy to add a DotNetKicks "Kick It" Button to any DasBlog website. Simply navigate to your "themes" directory and open up the "itemTemplate.blogtemplate" file with text editor. And simply paste the following HTML wherever you'd like the button to display.

<a href="http://www.dotnetkicks.com/kick/?url=<%PermalinkUrl%>"><img src="http://www.dotnetkicks.com/Services/Images/KickItImageGenerator.ashx?url=<%PermalinkUrl%>" border="0" alt="kick it on DotNetKicks.com" /></a>

Pretty simple, huh? Thanks to John Forsythe for posting all the available DasBlog Macros.

If you're thinking about starting a blog, I highly recommend DasBlog, it was a very easy to setup, especially since it doesn't require a database! That makes the cost of hosting a blog at DiscountAsp.net only $10/month! Subtext on the other hand needs a database to store and will run you $20 a month. I don't really know why DasBlog doesn't advertise that fact more, I would have tried installing it first, is a relational database really that necessary for a blog? It also makes it brain dead simple to backup your blog or move hosting providers. I know because I started out hosting my blog at 1and1 (stay away!), I've been with DiscountAsp.net for a couple months and absolutely love it. Everything just works, I copied my DasBlog files over and I was done. Plus its cheap and since all they do is focus on Microsoft technologies, they always have the latest and greatest beta stuff running as soon as it comes out (like .Net 3.5 and IIS 7.0).

Black vs White Text

Whether it is a heat map or a simple legend on a graph, color has the uncanny ability to instantly convey to users the intricacies of their data. But like most powerful constructs, color can easily be misunderstood and abused. I highly recommend that all GUI developers read up on all the crazy (and cool) things you can do to manipulate colors.

Last year I spent a fair amount of time scouring the net trying to find a solution to a frequently experienced problem: background - foreground color readability. And for the most part I came up empty handed, so I did even more digging and researching and have found the optimal way of determining whether white or black text will look best on an arbitrary background color. At first I tried solely looking at the "V" component of the HSV color space, but that would dictate the I use black text on a blue background (which doesn't work).

I tried making my own custom metrics like if (R + G + B)/(255 * 3) was greater than 1/2 then use black, else white, but when you test the results, it just doesn't seem to work all that well. The problem lies with the human eye, while the monitor has a certain color addressing space, people actually perceive color differently. It makes sense when you think about it, for most of homo sapiens history have primarily looked at all the green vegitation surrounding us; so naturally the human eye is more perceptive to shades of green than red or blue. After some extra long digging, I stumbled upon the YIQ color space, where "Y" is the luma a.k.a. perceived luminance. The formula for calculating Y from RGB is Y = 0.299 * R + 0.587 * G + 0.114 * B

We can now calculate the maximum perceived luminance of white (0.299 * 255 + 0.587 * 255 + 0.114 * 255) and the midpoint at which something is "half-bright" by dividing the max into 2. Because I'm calculating values relative to one another, I simply made each color coefficient a whole integer to make an infinitesimally small difference in performance. You should try it out, it works really well.


//perceived luminance
private const int RED_LUMINANCE = 299;
private const int GREEN_LUMINANCE = 587;
private const int BLUE_LUMINANCE = 114;
//calculated from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminance(video)
private const int MAX_LUMINANCE = (RED_LUMINANCE * 255 + GREEN_LUMINANCE * 255 + BLUE_LUMINANCE * 255);
private const int MID_LUMINANCE = MAX_LUMINANCE / 2;

/// <summary>

/// Finds the foreground (white or black) that will be easiest to read
/// with the given background
/// </summary>

public static Color CalculateForeColor(Color backColor)
{
    int totalCustomBrightness =
        ((backColor.R * RED_LUMINANCE) + (backColor.G * GREEN_LUMINANCE) + (backColor.B * BLUE_LUMINANCE));

    if (totalCustomBrightness <= MID_LUMINANCE)
        return Color.White;
    else
        return Color.Black;
}